Gavin Quinney of Ch Bauduc in the Entre-Deux-Mers sends this report on the hailstorms that have been discussed on our Members' forum in the last couple of days.
We've had numerous messages of goodwill from people who have seen the reports of the hail last weekend in Bordeaux. We’re absolutely fine thanks, as on this occasion the hailstorms passed us by. To the north of us, primarily in Bourg and Blaye, and the southern Haut-Médoc, they were not so lucky, and we send our best wishes to our fellow viticulteurs whose vineyards have been damaged.
The hailstorm struck last Saturday morning, 26 May, and we had an early warning from friends in the city of Bordeaux with texts and tweets, mostly accompanied by images and videos of hailstones and flooded streets. The hailstorm then moved up towards the Gironde estuary, damaging vines on the left bank around Macau and at the southern end of the Haut-Médoc, before causing huge damage to vineyards on the other side of the river in the picturesque, hilly areas of Bourg and Blaye. The storm then shifted north to Cognac.
(Closer to home, the picture above of her neighbour's vines is from Dawn Jones-Cooper of Ch de Monfaucon near Genissac on the Dordogne river, less than 10 miles from us.)
I can’t remember such a forceful deluge of hail hitting the city of Bordeaux before, at least not this century, so the immediate flurry of videos on social media probably spurred the swift news coverage from traditional outlets. And, as ever, most headlines about hail carry all the usual hyperbole – ‘destroy’ (Mail), ‘devastate’ (Telegraph), ‘ravage’ (Reuters) and, my favourite from The Times, ‘bankruptcy’. (Google ‘hail Bordeaux’ and you'll see the full list.)
I’m afraid my chat with the journalist Rupert Millar resulted in the least exciting headline of the lot, in the trade magazine The Drinks Business: ‘Bordeaux hail damage terrible but localised’. Dull, yet that’s pretty much the truth of it.
Unlike the frost in April 2017, which was widespread across the whole region, hailstorms travel in what the locals call a couloir, or corridor. The damage is therefore localised, with terrible impact on some vineyards, while neighbouring vines can be untouched. It’s a case of the unlucky few – and phew for everyone else. The map below overlays the hailed areas on last year's frost map.
So let’s put the numbers in context. There are around 9,000 hectares (22,240 acres) of vines in Bourg and Blaye, and about 60% were affected (5,500 ha), with a third very badly so – 3,000 ha suffered over 80% loss. (To be frank, an 80% loss is likely to mean no crop at all.) That is, indeed, catastrophic.
The desperately unlucky growers, of course, are those who lost much of their crop to frost in 2017 and saw the new growth of 2018 trashed by hail. (I’ve been told of one family who were poised to sell a vineyard near Blaye in 2016, only for the prospective overseas buyer not to turn up at the lawyer’s office at the appointed hour. Since then, they have lost everything to frost in 2017, and this year’s crop to hail.)
In the Haut-Médoc, 1,200 hectares were touched, with 400 ha at over 80% loss. There are about 16,000 hectares in the Haut-Médoc and Médoc, so, fortunately, the losses were relatively small, however bad it might be for the unlucky growers. The Entre-Deux-Mers saw 400 ha damaged, from an enormous total area of something over 35,000 hectares (mostly red AOC Bordeaux).
In the bigger picture, there are 112,250 ha (277,375 acres) of Bordeaux vineyards, so the 7,100 ha of vines affected adds up to 6% of the total, with just 3% losing most of the crop (3,400 ha).
Contrast that 3% with the 33% fall in production of Bordeaux 2017 compared with the 10-year average, and 40% down on 2016, due to the late-spring frost. Frost might be less dramatic – it’s hard to take a video of it at 5 am – but it can have a far greater impact.
For the growers looking after the 94% of vineyards that haven’t been affected by the hail, there’s more concern now about the weather for the flowering, which started recently. If the rain continues, the potential yield could be seriously affected, not least because Merlot, by far the most widely planted variety, is vulnerable to poor fruit set, and this can easily happen when it’s wet during flowering.
On the bright side, few people remember the hailstorms of May 2009. Thousands of hectares were affected in the Entre-Deux-Mers, the Graves, St-Émilion and Margaux among others – and we ourselves lost well over half the crop – but 2009 went on to become one of Bordeaux’s greatest vintages. For many, that is.
People always ask if you can insure against hail. Yes, you can, though it’s like a bet, and the odds are getting shorter if the premiums are anything to go by.
Also, can we not protect the vines? Again, yes, you can use anti-hail nets, but these are not permitted by the INAO and the bodies that control the appellation system (and Bordeaux is 99% AOC/AOP). After losing much of the crop to hail in August 2013, we installed trial anti-hail nets in 2015 (pictured below), and they seem to work fine, though we haven’t had hail to see the actual level of protection. The trial is really to see how manageable they are, and to check how long they last. With the cost spread over the 10-year lifespan, allegedly, they’d be cost effective, but much less, and it would be questionable. This, of course, depends on how much you sell the wine for, so I can’t see why more prestigious appellations don’t push for them (low, high-density vines, such as in Pauillac, excluded).
Finally, are we seeing more extreme weather? It’s hard to say with frost, as 2017 was the first really bad occurrence since 1991. As for hail, we’re certainly receiving more storm warnings, with four or five hail alerts in May 2018 alone. Is that the Méteo office covering itself, just in case, or simply that the warnings are more easily distributed – notably on my iPhone? The actual occurrence of serious hailstorms is not more frequent, however. This century, hail has had a serious impact on Bordeaux vineyards in June 2003, July 2007, May 2009, September 2011 and August 2013. And now May 2018. Let’s hope that’s the end of it – for this year at least.